• The treatment of melasma includes topical formulations, chemical peels, lasers, and light sources. • While no single therapy has proven to be of benefit to all patients as the sole therapy, combinations of modalities can be used to optimize management in difficult cases. SUNSCREENS AND CAMOUFLAGE FOR…

• In the early I 950s, physicians began using systemically administered cortisol to treat inflammatory dermatoses. • Unfortunately, corticosteroids with a ketone group at the C 11 position (e.g., cortisone) must be reduced to their corresponding 11-hydroxyl analogs (e.g., hydrocortisone) to be active-a reduction that does not occur effectively in…

Immunologically mediatedphotodermatoses Skin – light interactionClassification of photodermatosesImmunologically mediate Defective DNA repair disorders Photoaggravated dermatoses Chemical –drug induced photosensitivity Case 1 13 year old girl with itchy rash on the face and hands since yesterday . It has been a beautiful sunny day in early spring ,spent in out door…

Life Threatening Dermatoses Erythroderma Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Stevens Johnson Syndrome Autoimmune Bullous Disease Urticaria & Angioedema اریترودرمی   Nursing considerations ▪ Monitor and replace fluids and electrolytes, especially in patients with burns or widespread erythema.▪ Withhold all medications until the cause of the erythema has been identified.▪ Administer an antibiotic…

THE FUNCTIONS OF A WOUND DRESSINGA wound dressing is a substitute for native epithelium lost as a result of injury. The process of wound repair occurs in stages each of which may require different dressings. The main function of a dressing is to provide the optimum environment for rapid healing by protecting…

Dermatoscopic examination of hair and scalp is known as trichoscopy. Here, we summarize the literature on the dermatoscopic diagnosis of congenital and acquired hair shaft disorders. As hair shaft disorders are rare, most published articles on their dermatoscopic features are limited to case reports or series. Dermatoscopy is fast, noninvasive, and…

Basic principles of cutaneous photobiology The nature of UVR• Cutaneous photobiology is the study of the effects of UV and visible radiation on skin. • Knowledge of the interaction of sunlight with the skin is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of more than 100 skin disorders and also skin cancers.…

Principle of preparation of medical and cosmetic products Cosmetic preparation consists of:  Active ingredient Base(Vehicle) Additional/auxilery substances Additional substances  Fragrances Coloured dyes preservatives Active ingredient:Definition:  Antibiotic Antifungal Antiaging substances:retinoic acid,AHA Bleaching agent Base/vehicle  Definition Effect Three elemental bases:  Fatty bases  Water,aqueous solutions  PowdersFatty bases: Main uses Sources:  Animal…

ICHTHYOSIS • Ichthyosis Vulgaris• X-Linked Ichthyosis• Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis• Autosomal Recessive Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Vulgaris • Mutations in filaggrin (AD)• a few months after birth• The flexural creases are spared– Keratosis pilaris is often present, and– The palms and soles may show hyperkeratosis.• Acquired, noninherited form with lymphoma, particularly Hodgkin's disease– also…

 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) aims to destroy the desired target selectively, thereby minimizing damage to normal tissue.  The photodynamic reaction consists of the excitation of photosensitizers (usually porphyrins) by visible light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen.  These reactive oxygen species…