آقاي ساسان سلام
اگر بيماري در حال پيشرفت باشد،نقاط جديد بدن كه تازه دارند رنگدانه از دست مي دهند ولي هنوز روند پيشرفت ادامه دارد،خيلي سفيد نيستند،در خصوص سوال دوم،چنين آمپول و درماني وجود ندارد،بهترين درمان براي شما نور درماني هست .
Active ingredient
Base(Vehicle)
Additional/auxilery substances
Fragrances
Coloured dyes
preservatives
Antibiotic
Antifungal
Antiaging substances:retinoic acid,AHA
Bleaching agent
Base/vehicle
Definition
Effect
Three elemental bases:
Fatty bases
Water,aqueous solutions
Powders
Fatty bases:
Main uses
Sources:
Animal :lanolin,wool alcohol,spermateci
Plant :olive oil,coconut,seasame…..
mineral:paraffin
Fatty bases that appears in:
Liquid (oil)
Semisolid (fat)
Solid (wax)
Animal derived fatty bases:
Lanolin
Wool alcohols*
Spermaceti
The efficacy of plant oil is similar to animal derived
fatty bases derived from minerals:
Paraffin oils:
Liquid paraffin (liquid petroleum)
Semi-solid paraffin, white soft paraffin
Wax is solid paraffin
Characteristics:
Yellow,innert,unpleasant greasy feeling ,occlusuve
Water,aqueous bases:
Water
Alcohol/tincture:stronger cooling effect
Powders
Made of one or more solid ingredients
Main purpose of powders:
Prevent friction
Absorb excess moisture
Substances commonly used in powders
Zinc oxide:covering and protecting
Titanium dioxide
Talc:magnesium polysilicate,innert,commercial preparations contain:zinc oxide,aluminium silicate
Calamine:zinc oxide ,iron oxide
starch
Combination of bases
Fatty base +water :liquid emulsion or cream or ointment
Powder +water:suspension ,solution
Fatty bases +powder :paste
Others:
Lotions:Simple suspension/water,alcohol base
Gels:is a solution,solvent may be
water,acetone,alcohol or propylen glycol,High molecular polymers:carboxypolymethylene,methyl cellulose
Pastes:
Fatty base is usually petrolatum
Powder is usually 20-50% of preparation
Less greasy than oint
Occlusive and protective
Powder with water:
Suspension
solution
Preservatives:
Roles
How contamination be recognized?
Unpleasant smell
Loses its uniform texture
discoloration
Benzoic acid
Benzyl alcohol
Formaldehyde
Imidazolidinyl urea
Parabens
Quaternium 15
Type of creams
Vanishing creams/Day cream
Night creams/noutrishing
Cleansing
Moisturizing
Foundation
Cold creams
Eye creams
Vanishing creams
Relatively high water content
Easy to wash off
Cooling effect
Some moisturizing effect
Don’t have significant occlusive effect
Tranparent
Adding other substances:sunscrean
Night creams
Higher oil content
Greasier,more occlusive
Moisturizer
Contain various substances
Cleansing creams or liquid emulsion
Medium to high percentage oil phase
Difference:
Ingredient:+ mild surfactant
Mechanism:
application
Foundation creams
Moisturizing
Contain colouring agents:3-25%
Contain sunscreen
Conceal creamblemishes
Cold creams
Pseudo-emulsions
Cooling effect
Does not contain an emulsifier
Original formulation:olive oil,beeswax,rosepetals/oil,water,wax
Borax
Moisturizing creams
1-occlusive :Impermeable barrier
2-Humectant :absorb water
Skin moisture & moisturizers
Overview
Dry skin causes
Characteristics
Natural factor for prevention of dryness
Oily layer : sebum ,lipid degradation product
NMF
Natural Moisturizing Factor:NMF
Comprising 20-25% of keratinous layer
Urea
Lactic acid
glycolic acid
Phospholipids
Malic acid
Pyruvic acid
Salts of pyrolidone carboxylic acid
Humectants:
Small molecules:
Glycerine(glycerol)
Sorbitol
Propylen glycol
Large molecules:
Glycosaminoglycans :hyaloronic acid
Elastin,collagen,and other proteins
How to select a moisturizer
Skin type :dry,oily ,normal,combination skin (T-zone)
Consistency
Additives
Sunscreen
Exotic ingredients
آقاي ساسان سلام
اگر بيماري در حال پيشرفت باشد،نقاط جديد بدن كه تازه دارند رنگدانه از دست مي دهند ولي هنوز روند پيشرفت ادامه دارد،خيلي سفيد نيستند،در خصوص سوال دوم،چنين آمپول و درماني وجود ندارد،بهترين درمان براي شما نور درماني هست .
زمان بهترین و ارزشمندترین هدیه ای است كه می توان به كسی ارزانی داشت.هنگامی كه برای كسی وقت می گذاریم، قسمتی از زندگی خود را به او میدهیم كه باز پس گرفته نمی شود . باعث خوشحالی و افتخار من است كه برای عزیزی مثل شما وقت می گذارم و امیدوارم كه با راهنماییهای اساتید این رشته واظهار نظر شما عزیزان این سایت آموزشی پر بارتر گردد.