• In the early I 950s, physicians began using systemically administered cortisol to treat inflammatory dermatoses. • Unfortunately, corticosteroids with a ketone group at the C 11 position (e.g., cortisone) must be reduced to their corresponding 11-hydroxyl analogs (e.g., hydrocortisone) to be active-a reduction that does not occur effectively in…

Life Threatening Dermatoses Erythroderma Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Stevens Johnson Syndrome Autoimmune Bullous Disease Urticaria & Angioedema اریترودرمی   Nursing considerations ▪ Monitor and replace fluids and electrolytes, especially in patients with burns or widespread erythema.▪ Withhold all medications until the cause of the erythema has been identified.▪ Administer an antibiotic…

Dermatoscopic examination of hair and scalp is known as trichoscopy. Here, we summarize the literature on the dermatoscopic diagnosis of congenital and acquired hair shaft disorders. As hair shaft disorders are rare, most published articles on their dermatoscopic features are limited to case reports or series. Dermatoscopy is fast, noninvasive, and…

Principle of preparation of medical and cosmetic products Cosmetic preparation consists of:  Active ingredient Base(Vehicle) Additional/auxilery substances Additional substances  Fragrances Coloured dyes preservatives Active ingredient:Definition:  Antibiotic Antifungal Antiaging substances:retinoic acid,AHA Bleaching agent Base/vehicle  Definition Effect Three elemental bases:  Fatty bases  Water,aqueous solutions  PowdersFatty bases: Main uses Sources:  Animal…

 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) aims to destroy the desired target selectively, thereby minimizing damage to normal tissue.  The photodynamic reaction consists of the excitation of photosensitizers (usually porphyrins) by visible light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen.  These reactive oxygen species…

Propranolol For Infantile Hemangiomas Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign tumors of endothelial cells that show a rapid proliferating phase usually followed by variable degrees of spontaneous regression. Because of this unique behavior, most His can be left untreated, but His located in areas of particular concern, such as periorbital, oropharyngeal, preauricular,…

Differential Diagnosis & Approach to Vesiculo-Bullous diseases in Children  Establishing the correct diagnosis in newborns presenting with blisters and erosions is not always a straightforward process. Many different disease entities including acquired (i.e., infectious, immunobullous, traumatic) and inherited disorders have to be taken into consideration. Similarities in clinical appearance, colonization and/or super…

Introduction  As a pediatrician one of the most common presenting complaints is that of an infant with a rash and with the large number of possible diagnoses (on the order of more than 30!) It is essential to be able to recognize the characteristic appearance of common lesions. Furthermore, it is imperative…

 طی حاملگی تغییرات ایمونولوژیک ، متابولیک ، آندوکرین ، عروقی رخ می دهد که خانم حامله را مستعد تغییرات در پوست و ضمائم به صورت فیزیولوژیک یا پاتولوژیک می نماید .  درماتوزهای حاملگی را می توان به سه گروه تقسیم کرد :  تغییرات فیزیولوژیک در حاملگی درماتوزو تومورهای پوستی که تحت…

ارزيابي يک بيمار مبتلا به حساسيت غيرطبيعي پوست به نور  Immunologic mediated (idiopathic) photodermatoses: PLE,CAD,AP,SU,HV  Drug and chemical induced photosensitivity : Exogenous(phototoxicity & photoallergy), Endogenous (Cutaneous porphyrias)  Defective DNA repair disorders: XP, CS,TTD,Bloom S, Kindler S,RTS  Photoaggravated dermatoses: LE,DM,Psoriasis,LP,AD,Herpes,Pellagra, Rosacea,Acne,REM,Darier, BP,Pemphigus(F,E)  تظاهر حسياسيت غير طبيعي به…